Do You Really Need UGC-NET for a Ph.D in 2025? Let’s Break It Down

Are you eager to pursue a Ph.D in India but unsure if you need to crack the UGC-NET exam in 2025? With the recent update from the University Grants Commission (UGC), a lot of students are confused about whether the NET exam is the only way to pursue their doctoral degree. However, the UGC-NET has offered huge credibility for pursuits for obtaining a Ph.D, as an Assistant Professor, or for obtaining a JRF (Junior Research Fellowship). You can now take different paths to pursue your Ph.D journey without clearing the NET.
If you are already looking at applying through CUET-PG or through various university setups or entrance tests, or you are still aiming for NET. Regardless of your future plans to stay with NET or try a different approach, knowing what routes are available is a key consideration for your future study plans.
In this blog, we will tell you whether UGC-NET for a Ph.D in 2025 is a must, explain what the new regulations state, and clarify which pathway is the best route for you.
 

What is UGC-NET?

The University Grants Commission - National Eligibility Test (UGC-NET) is a national-level exam, conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA), on behalf of the UGC, to determine eligibility for Assistant Professor and Junior Research Fellowship (JRF).  Whereas it used to be the main pathway to access Ph.D doctoral study, the UGC guidelines introduced other approaches, which will be considered in the following sections.
The primary objectives of UGC-NET are to:

• Qualify candidates for college or university-level teaching as an assistant professor.
• Provide candidates' eligibility for a Junior Research Fellowship or financial fellowship to study research on a full-time basis and be enrolled in a Ph.D program.
• It serves as a qualification for admission into Ph.D programs at many central and state universities.
• UGC-NET is administered by NTA, on behalf of UGC, usually twice a year, in June and December, in over 80 different subjects.

 

Previous Role of UGC-NET in Ph.D Admissions

For an extended period of time, the UGC-NET was a primary source for aspirants who wanted to pursue a doctoral course of study in India. Here's how UGC-NET played an importent role for Ph.D admissions:
1. Eligibility for Assistant Professorship and JRF

• Assistant Professor: Given that a UGC-NET candidate is qualified as an Assistant Professor in universities and Colleges in India.
• Junior Research Fellowship (JRF): Some candidates who scored above a specific benchmark were able to receive the JRF, which financially supported the candidates while conducting full-time research that led to a Ph.D.

2. Philosopher Doctorate Admissions

• Preferred Qualification: For Ph.D admissions, many universities prefer candidates who have cleared NET. Such candidates may also get exemption from the entrance test.
• Direct Admission:  Some universities allow direct admission to PhD programs for NET-qualified applicants, especially those with JRF. This qualification is accepted as proof of research ability.

3. Biannual Examination
UGC-NET was conducted biannually as per the National Testing Agency (NTA) in November and December each year and assigned subjects when it was accepted as a compulsory examination.
 

New UGC Regulations for 2022–2025: What has Changed?

Over the past few years, the University Grants Commission (UGC) has made significant moves to make the higher education process in line with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. In particular, there has been a focus on simplifying  the Ph.D admission process across universities in India. Here's what has changed through 2022-2025:
1. Transition Introduced by UGC Ph.D Regulations 2022
In November 2022, UGC released the Minimum Standards and Procedures for Award of Ph.D. Degrees Regulations, 2022. These new rules marked a clear change from earlier admission processes. The UGC 2022 Regulations introduced:

• Multiple pathways to attendance for a Ph.D, and not only UGC-NET or university exam.
• Greater responsibility on the quality of research outputs, faculty supervision, and thesis evaluation.
• The goal of standardisation is at the entry level for all higher education providers, whether central, state, deemed, or private.

2. CUET-PG and NET as Standard Admissions Pathways
CUET-PG was introduced by the National Testing Agency (NTA) as a common test for postgraduate and research admissions. It allows students to use one exam score for applying to multiple universities.
Furthermore, starting in 2024-25, the UGC has publicly announced that UGC-NET will be accepted for Ph.D admissions in Indian universities. Therefore, these universities are no longer required to administer separate Ph.D entrance tests if they opt for net scores.
 

Key Learnings:

• UGC-NET: The UGC-NET score will now play a key role in Ph.D admissions. Candidates who qualify with JRF can use this score for applying to Assistant Professorships.
• CUET-PG: The CUET-PG exam is now becoming a common gateway for integrated Ph.D programs as well as combined PG+Ph.D courses. This gives students greater flexibility and a single route to enter advanced research programs.
• Universities: Each university has the freedom to decide whether it will consider UGC-NET or CUET-PG scores for Ph.D admissions. Their choice will depend on internal policies, academic structure, and admission guidelines.

 

Benefits for Students

Now that students can apply for PhD programs using standardized methods. According to the university policy, students can apply for doctoral admissions with any of the following options as listed below:

• UGC-NET score (with or without JRF)
• CUET-PG score
• University entrance tests will still exist for some institutions

 

Is UGC-NET Mandatory for Ph.D in 2025?

UGC-NET is no longer a compulsory requirement for pursuing a Ph.D in 2025, but it is the most popular and recognized way for applying to a Ph.D course.


 

What has changed?

Until a few years ago, you could not pursue Ph.D programs in India without qualifying with the UGC-NET (especially with JRF), particularly in central and top public universities. However, with the new UGC Ph.D Regulations 2022, and recent updates by the UGC in 2023 and 2024, the UGC Ph.D admission process has become flexible.
As of the 2024–25 academic year, UGC-NET scores are official pathways to Ph.D, particularly when:

• If you qualify for NET, you will have access to a Ph.D admission at a university without undergoing a separate university entrance exam.
• If you qualify for JRF, you will have access to a Ph.D admission with a fellowship paid monthly for the duration of your degree, which is perfect if you plan to pursue research full-time.

However, the UGC has also permitted universities to provide admission in several other ways, such as:

• CUET-PG score in universities that are accepting CUET for research-based PG and integrated Ph.D.
• University-level entrance exam, followed by an interview. This option is still used by many state, private, and deemed universities.

Is UGC-NET Necessary for Ph.D?

In most private and state universities, it would be enough to pass the university's entrance exam and the applicable minimum eligibility requirements. Thus, passing UGC-NET is NOT a requirement  to pursue a Ph.D Program in India. However, it is still highly considered in:

• Central Universities
• Top public institutions, like IITs, IIMs, and NITs, will generally also expect GATE or equivalent.
• Universities with high competition and limited Ph.D positions.
• Programs that offer funded positions for JRF.

If you are simply pursuing a Ph.D on a part-time basis, or at a non-research institution, NET is not a requirement. However, if you plan to compete for research jobs, funded fellowships, or other academic positions, completing UGC-NET (either with or without a JRF) gives you an advantage.
 

Who Should Consider UGC-NET in 2025?

Despite the fact that UGC-NET is not the only option for Ph.D admission in India, there are certain categories of students and professionals who should consider taking UGC-NET. Let's take a closer look at who should opt for UGC-NET in 2025:



1. Aspiring Assistant Professor or Lecturer
For those who are willing to seek academic work, UGC-NET is still the most recognised pathway to become an Assistant Professor for those in Indian universities and colleges.

• Why? Because it is the required eligibility test for teaching participation in central universities, colleges, and many private universities.
• While universities have become flexible for admissions to Ph.D programs, the eligibility for teaching positions by the UGC still depends upon qualification for the NET.

If you plan to work in academia at the university level, it is important to qualify for UGC-NET, whether or not you wish to do a Ph.D.

2. Candidates Applying for JRF (Junior Research Fellowship)
A JRF is considered one of the most respected fellowships that can be granted to a research scholar. The UGC-NET JRF salary is financial support awarded to students for full-time research. The JRF will include the following:

• Monthly Stipends: Approx ₹31,000 per month for the 1st two years (with potential for extension).
• Research support: JRF candidates can have tie-ups with universities and research centers or can be Ph.D candidates.

If you want to conduct high-end research in India and require research funding, a JRF is the way to go, and a UGC-NET is a necessity.

3. Candidates intending to apply to India's top-tier research universities
If you aim to apply to some of the best institutions in India, like the IITs, IIMs, or central universities, then UGC-NET is still very important. Although many universities now accept CUET-PG or their own entrance exams, most IITs and IIMs still prefer candidates who have cleared UGC-NET and have JRF status for full-time research positions.

• Why? Because NET Qualification of a candidate ensures that an individual have a certain level of prerequisites, such as foundational knowledge of research and academics. It is an important aspect for institutions, as many candidates apply and arrive at prestigious schools to compete for limited research positions.

4. Professionals wanting some academic status or research experience
If you are a professional in research-intensive fields, then the UGC-NET remains a required qualification.

• It grants a academic status to your existing professional credential, particularly in cases where you wish to pursue teaching or academic leadership positions.
• In addition, you access academic conferences, research funding, and potential partnerships.

Even if you are not currently pursuing a PhD, NET certification adds value to your career and connects you with the academic community.

5. Students Who Want a Standardized Admission Process
Students who wish to apply for the program with a standard admission process can pursue Ph.D through:

• Multiple Entry Routes: Although having a UGC-NET is not a requirement, it standardizes the admission process through universities. NET-qualified students are prioritized over students who have to take individual university exams, so students qualified by NET are often exempt from sitting through long entrance exams

 

Ph.D Admission Without UGC-NET: Is It Possible?

Yes, UGC-NET has historically been regarded as a credible and acceptable way to get into a Ph.D program, but it is not the only option in 2025. Because of the new UGC Ph.D Regulations and particularly the transition towards alternate entrance pathways like CUET-PG, or university-specific Ph.D tests, there are many universities with a number of opportunities to access Ph.D, with or without UGC-NET.

1. Universities with their own Ph.D Entrance Tests
Several universities still administer their own entrance exams for Ph.D admissions, which are typically followed by a research proposal or an interview, particularly, state, private, and deemed universities. A few examples are:

• Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) - with its own entrance.
• University of Hyderabad, which has both a NET and a university entrance exam facility.
• Private institutions like Amity, Shiv Nadar, and many others usually have their own selection process for Ph.D, which is based frequently on interviews and research potential.

2. Effect of CUET-PG  qualification on Ph.D
The Common University Entrance Test for Postgraduate Programs (CUET-PG) is another recognised and commonly used qualification for PhD aspirants. Although it is often criticized for being primarily used to grant admission to postgraduate level programs, several universities have now adopted the CUET-PG examination requirement for research-based Master's programs, leading to integrated PhD options or direct admission to a Ph.D program, for example:

• Central universities and other participating universities under CUET-PG may consider CUET scores as the basis for eligibility to their Ph.D programs.
• Some institutions may even accept a strong CUET-PG performance to dismiss the second written test requirement.

It is important to note that each university's declaration on this matter is contingent on its policies. Thus, always check the Ph.D admissions brochure of the intended institution.

3. Merit-Based Ph.D Admissions
It is not prevalent, but some universities will admit students based on their postgraduate academic merit to Ph.D programs, especially for non-funded, part-time, or project-linked positions, specifically to:

• Private Universities, as this may be accommodated through faculty-led projects that may directly recruit students with good academic performance.
• Interdisciplinary research centres, where experience and existing work matter more than standardized tests.

 

UGC-NET vs University Ph.D Entrance: Important Differences

Now that there are multiple options for Ph.D admission in India, it is important to understand how UGC-NET and university entrance exams are different.  Both would ultimately qualify you for a Ph.D, but there could be some differences between them, even though they have extremely valuable positions depending on your situation. Let’s break it down:
 

Features	UGC-NET	University PhD Entrance
National Validity	Yes, accepted across India	No, valid only within the conducting university
Fellowship Eligibility	Yes, with JRF, includes monthly stipend	No, usually no funding tied to result
Competition Level	High–National-level exam with a broad pool	Limited to applicants for one university
Admission Scope	PAN India, applicable to many institutions	Specific, admission to a particular university only
Exemption from Exam	Often exempt from university Ph.D tests	Requires a written test and an interview in most cases
Additional Benefits	Eligibility for Assistant Professor, JRF	Only valid for Ph.D admission, no teaching rights

Which one should you choose?

• Do UGC-NET for national eligibility, fellowship potential, and lots of top places to choose from.
• Do University Entrance if you have a university in mind you are applying to, or if you do not want to stress over national-level competition.

Remember, both are good. Your choice depends on your preferences, background, and desired places of study.
 

Tips to Choose the Right Path for Your Ph.D

It’s normal to feel confused about how to pursue a Ph.D in 2025, since you now have different options like UGC-NET, CUET-PG, or university-level exams. The positive side is that you can choose the path that best matches your academic goals and personal situation. Below are some practical insights to help you make the right decision:



1. Assess Your Career Ambitions

• If you want a teaching career in higher education, take the UGC-NET as it is the base level qualification for becoming an Assistant Professor in India.
• If you want a full-time research career or be a fellowship aspirant, take the UGC-NET with JRF as it provides a monthly stipend and recognition.
• If you are Planning a Ph.D for personal enrichment or part-time work, then a university-based entrance exam (such as the CUET-PG) may be sufficient.

2. Check the University’s Process
The university's various eligibility processes differ for:

• Some Central and State Universities who prioritize UGC-NET or UGC-NET with JRF for candidates eligible to apply.
• Some events accept the CUET-PG score as eligibility or as part of their own PhD entrance test.

*Note: Always read the Ph.D admissions notification from the specific university to avoid mistakes or confusion, as well as the deadlines.

3. Check Available Scholarship and Funding Opportunities

• If you are looking for a sponsored Ph.D program, UGC-NET with JRF is the best option.
• You might have access to university funding, though this may be limited or attached to faculty initiatives.
• CUET-PG is typically not an option for direct fellowship opportunities for Ph.D students.

4. Match your Preparation Level
If you have decided to pursue a Ph.D program in 2025, ask the following questions to be prepared for the course:

• Are you well prepared and want to take a competitive exam? Consider UGC-NET so you have more options.
• Are you well prepared but want less pressure and are targeting a program? Consider a university's entrance exam, as it might be easier.
• Are you unsure, or would you like to explore your options?  Consider trying CUET-PG - you can get two for one - a PG, and an integrated Ph.D.

5. Consider Time, Location, and Convenience

• UGC-NET will allow you to move nationally.
• University entrance exams are best if you want to study locally or are in the central region of the institution with which you have connections.

Conclusion

Do you need a UGC-NET qualification in 2025 to pursue a Ph.D? No, but it's still a matter of worth to you. UGC has issued new guidelines, and there are now many pathways to get into a Ph.D program in India, whether that is CUET-PG, or a university's own entrance exam, or, in rare cases, just the matter of your postgraduate performance. 
In addition, UGC-NET, especially in terms of JRF, is still a gold standard if you are thinking of an academic career, funding, or entry to leading research institutions.
The most important part is that your best path will depend upon your goals, preparedness, and the universities you wish to target. So, be aware of university notifications, keep up to date with UGC changes, and follow the path that suits you. The path you will take into your Ph.D is your journey—so make it worthwhile!
 

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is UGC-NET compulsory for Ph.D admission in 2025?
No, it is not compulsory. You can undertake a Ph.D in many alternative pathways, such as CUET-PG or through university entrance exams. However, UGC-NET is highly regarded and still preferred in many top universities.

2. Can I do a Ph.D without NET?
Yes, you can. Many universities will accept students into Ph.D programs by conducting their own entrance tests or will allow CUET-PG scores. However, if you are aiming for a funded position or a central university, NET/JRF may give you more options.

3. Is CUET-PG valid for Ph.D programs?
Yes, in some universities. CUET-PG scores are now being accepted for integrated Ph.D programs or even as part of eligibility for Ph.D interviews. Always check the requirenments set by the university.

4. What are the benefits of clearing JRF?
With JRF, there is a monthly fellowship of around ₹31,000+, preference for admission to Ph.D programs, and opportunities for full-time research in top institutions.

5. What is better: UGC-NET or University entrance?
It depends on what you want to achieve. UGC-NET offers a nationwide credential and the possibility of a fellowship. University exams are targeted and often much less competitive. Pick what suits your plan.